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Involvement of Phosphorylation on Serine 107 of Prohibitin in the Development of Cardiac Fibrosis.
Prohibitin (PHB) is an evolutionarily conserved protein and has a role in regulation of cell death, cellular stress, energy metabolism, and senescence. Previous studies showed that PHB regulates the activation of inflammatory cells in acute lung injury. In the present study, we assessed the roles of PHB in cardiac fibrosis. Isolated neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) were exposed to TGF-β1 in order to assess the effect of PHB on NRCFs. We assessed the effect of PHB on the function of NRCFs using NRCFs transfected with PHB-expressing plasmid, siPHB and siPHB co-expressed PHB-expressing plasmid in order to determine whether PHB induces cardiac fibrosis in NRCFs. We observed the effect of PHB on proliferation and apoptosis of NRCFs. PHB knockdown significantly increased NRCFs proliferation and decreased the apoptosis of NRCFs exposed to TGF-β1. However, increased phosphorylation of PHB (S107) expression in NRCFs stimulated proliferation and reduced the apoptosis. Treatment with siPHB and siPHB co-expressed with PHB plasmid remarkably ameliorated the cardiac fibrosis through the reduction of fibrosis and of the expression of COL1A1 and α-SMA in the development of cardiac fibrosis. In addition, PHB knockdown remarkably increased the phosphorylation of Akt in NRCFs exposed to TGF-β1. Our results suggest that the down-regulation of PHB enhances the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and causes the development of cardiac fibrosis by reducing the phosphorylation of Akt in the development of cardiac fibrosis. don’t see how anyone could do it.
We may have to wait for the US to reach the point of financial crisis before we start talking. Of course this has the potential to happen before or after the US election.
I would be more worried about the US though. They have a housing bubble ac619d1d87
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